Autism is Not Caused by Paracetamol: Why Misinformation Harms Autistic People, Parents, and Carers

Introduction

Recent comments in the media suggesting that paracetamol causes autism are not only scientifically unfounded, but also deeply damaging. Autism is a natural neurodevelopmental difference, not an illness caused by something parents did or did not do.

When influential figures repeat myths about autism, they amplify long-standing misinformation. This creates fear, fuels stigma, and undermines decades of progress in understanding autism as part of human diversity.

What the Evidence Actually Says

There is no credible scientific evidence linking paracetamol use in pregnancy or childhood to autism. Large-scale studies and systematic reviews have consistently shown that autism is a complex neurodevelopmental difference with strong genetic underpinnings. Environmental factors may shape development, but they do not cause autism in the simplistic way these claims suggest.

When high-profile figures spread misinformation, they exploit uncertainty and parental anxiety. Sometimes this happens through misunderstanding, and sometimes through deliberate manipulation (disinformation). Regardless of intent, the outcome is the same: Autistic people and their families are harmed.

The Real Harm of Misinformation

Misinformation of this kind has far-reaching consequences:

• Harm to Autistic people themselves: Suggesting that autism is caused by medicine or is something to be avoided sends the message that autistic people’s existence is a mistake. This damages self-esteem, identity, and mental health.

• Blame and shame: Parents and carers, particularly mothers, are made to feel guilty for their child being Autistic. This deepens stigma and isolation.

• Fear and confusion: Expectant parents may avoid safe, medically recommended treatments out of fear. This can put both parent and baby at risk.

• Distraction from support: Energy and resources are spent chasing false causes instead of focusing on acceptance and practical support for Autistic children and adults.

• Stigma against Autistic people: These claims frame autism as something to be prevented or eliminated, rather than understood and accepted.

Mother-Blame, Sexism, and Policing Pregnant Bodies

These kinds of claims also feed into a long-established routine of blaming mothers for their children being Autistic. Historically, mothers were scapegoated through damaging ideas like the “refrigerator mother” theory, which wrongly suggested autism was caused by a lack of warmth or care. Later, myths about vaccines and diets carried the same undertones of blame.

Suggesting that autism comes from paracetamol use during pregnancy continues this sexist pattern. It not only heaps guilt and shame onto mothers, but also contributes to the broader policing of pregnant people’s bodies. Paracetamol is one of the safest and most accessible painkillers available during pregnancy, often the only option recommended. Telling people that even this is dangerous fosters fear and surveillance over pregnant women’s choices; reinforcing the idea that they must be constantly monitored and restricted for fear of doing harm.

This narrative is not only inaccurate, it is misogynistic and ableist. It shifts responsibility away from society to include and support Autistic people, and instead places blame on women for supposedly causing autism, erasing Autistic people’s voices in the process.

Why This Is About More Than Science

The suggestion that paracetamol use causes autism reflects a deeper problem; neuronormativity. This is the belief that there is one correct way for brains to work, and that anyone who differs from that norm is broken or lesser.

The problem is not Autistic people, but the barriers and stigma society creates. At APUK we believe Autism is not a disease or a mistake, but a natural part of human diversity. Autistic people deserve to be respected and supported as they are.

Why This Matters to Autistic Families

Autistic Parents UK is a community built on supporting Autistic parents and carers. Many of us are both Autistic ourselves and raising Autistic children. We know firsthand that autism is not something caused by medication taken during pregnancy, nor is it something to be feared. It is an integral part of our experience of the world and the formation of our identity.

When public figures spread misinformation, they undermine science, and also the lived experience of real people. They perpetuate the myth that autism is an avoidable tragedy, rather than recognising Autistic people as valuable members of society.

Our Call to Action

We urge journalists, public figures, and anyone with a platform to act responsibly. Misinformation causes real harm to Autistic people’s lives. Do not amplify baseless claims. Listen to Autistic voices, listen to evidence, and help create a society where Autistic people and their families are supported and not scapegoated.

Autism is not caused by paracetamol. Autism is not caused by vaccines. Autism is not caused by parenting choices. Autism is simply part of human diversity.

Co-written by David Gray-Hammond and Tanya Adkin, Autistic Parents UK trustees